Physiological regeneration of bone is in continuous change of bony plates and formation of new osteons in place of resorption. These processes are provided by activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The influence of various extreme factors on bone metabolism is a key issue, since every year the number of people working in adverse microclimatic conditions, contacting with vibration, noise and exposing to other stress factors, grows. Current studies show that most mechanized tools and machines that generate vibrations, operating at the speed of acceleration that significantly exceed the maximum permissible limits. Levels of vibration in the transport industry are much higher and often exceed 1 g (gravity constant = 9.8 m·c2). The aim of our study was to determine the effect of vibration oscillations of various frequencies upon the process of bone tissue remodeling, to determine the relationship between bone mineral density, markers of bone metabolism and level of vibration stimulus.

Rats were divided into 5 groups. Four experimental groups were exposed to vertical vibrations 15, 25, 50 and 75 Hz respectively, twice a day for 20 min, 5 days a week during 28 days. Next 28 days all experimental rats were kept in standard vivarium conditions and were not exposed to vibration. Blood intake and CT-scanning of the lumbar spine was performed on 28th and 56th day of the study. On the 28th day of the study mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L6) in the control group was from 311,90 0± 5,44 to 334,00 ± 8,08 mg/cm3. The greatest loss of trabecular bone was observed in III-rd and IV-th research groups, which was decreasing to 12 % (p < 0,05) and 14 % (p < 0,05) correspondingly in comparison with the control group. In the first and second groups bone mass ratio was reduced to a value ≤ 4% (p > 0.05) and 8% (p < 0.05) in accordance with the control group. After 56th day of experiment bone loss dynamic was: in the I-st group ≤ 10 % (p < 0.05), in the II-nd ≤ 12% (p < 0.05), in the III-rd ≤ 17 % (p < 0.05), and IV-th ≤ 22% (p < 0.05) compared to the control group.

Oxyproline released into the bloodstream during destruction of collagen and cannot be reused for the synthesis of new collagen protein. Half of the collagen amount is located in the bones, where its metabolism is faster than in other tissues. Increasing of oxyproline amount in the blood reflects the bone resorption. The level of free oxyproline in the control group on the 28th day of the experiment was 5,50 ± 0,20 mcg/ml. In the I-st experimental group changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), in the second group – increased by 19,3 % to the control rates, in the third – to 65,3 %, and in IV-th the level doubled (p < 0.05). After 56th day dynamics of gree oxyproline was: in the control group the level remained practically unchanged and amounted to 5,41 ± 0,11 mcg/ml. In the I experimental group, and the average was 5,80 ± 0,10 mcg/ ml (p > 0.05), in the II-nd increased to 17,5 %, in the III-rd to 38 % and in the IV-th to 58,2 %, which amounted 6,36 ± 0,11 mcg/ml, 7,48 ± 0,14 mcg/ml and 8,56 ± 0,16 mcg/ml (p < 0,05) respectively. Increase of free oxyproline indicates violations in balance between destruction and compensatory acceleration of collagen biosynthesis, which gradually decreases to the 56th day.

Chronic mechanical vibrations combined with the physical attributes amplified the incoming energy and present the potential for negative bone-health effects. Acceleration >0,51g (with frequency >50 Hz and amplitude 2 mm) increases the rate of bone metabolism, causes collagen matabolism disorders, loss of bone mineral mass, which further leads to osteoporosis.

Keywords: bone, vibration, mineral density, bone remodeling

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