So far reasons for the formation of diverticula of the esophagus remain poorly understood. Esophageal diverticula and benign submucosal tumors are not as rare disease as previously thought. This is due to the widespread introduction of radiological and endoscopic methods of research into clinical practice. Diverticula of the esophagus is one of the sparse medical and social problems of modern medicine. The first attempts of surgical treatment of the esophagus have been associated with the study of the clinical course of its most visible forms, namely pharyngoezophageal diverticulum. Previously used operations such as two- and diverticulostomy and diverticulectomy, used for a long period, but not to their distribution and were abandoned due to serious complications (abscess neck, mediastinitis, nonhealing fistulas).

Functional X-ray diagnosis (pharmacodiagnostiс, termodiagiostiс, respiratory samples, sample pressure, etc.) by acting on the regulatory mechanisms makes it possible to objectively assess the pathophysiology of the esophagus. It is also very important to study the general form of the esophagus, particularly when contrasted condition. Various organic and transient deformation of the esophagus usually reflect total involvement in the pathogenesis of the muscular layer of the diverticulum. It is essential to the definition of tone and motility of the esophagus wall, as functional disorders in some cases contribute to the recognition of pathology, and in its other disguises.

The first attempts of surgical treatment of the esophagus have been associated with the study of the clinical course of its most visible forms, namely pharyngoezophageal diverticulum. Previously used operations such as two- and diverticulostomу and diverticulectomу, used for a long period, but not to their distribution and were abandoned due to serious complications (abscess neck, mediastinitis, nonhealing fistulas). In 30% of cases occur in the development of hernia surgery. Some authors have noted a more favorable outcome when using diverticulostomу.

Despite significant reduction in mortality, the results of operations currently may not fully satisfy the surgeons. Postoperative complications may arise such as: lack of seams esophagus, esophageal stricture, recurrence of the diverticulum. The disadvantages of surgical treatment of thoracic esophageal diverticula (bifurcation, epifrenalny) are acute infections, fear of operational development of pneumothorax.

Based on the analysis of literature data it can be concluded that the arsenal of used methods of surgical treatment of esophageal diverticula is limited. Many methods have several disadvantages and cause serious consequences, and most importantly do not eliminate the cause of the pathology of the esophagus. Based on this, it is important to improve the current surgical treatments that would reduce extra traumas at the time of surgery, to exclude possibility of development of expressed adhesions, leading to disruption of peristaltic activity of the esophagus. In cases of large or multiple giant diverticula remains the need to perform major surgery using autografts with stored vessels which in turn will enable to achieve adequate vascularization in the area of esophagoplasty and accordingly to avoid recurrent disease. Clinical research on esophageal diverticula in people of different ages and development of a new method of surgical treatment of esophageal pathology following sections are devoted to the results of its own thesis.

Ключові слова: esophageal diverticula, diverticulectomy

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