The article presents results of the study of specific and quantitative composition of the microflora of gingival furrow, which is important to justify the selection of optimal treatments for patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis.

An important feature of microecosystem of the gingival sulcus in patients with generalized chronic catarrhal gingivitis is the structural reformation of biocoenosis, which is caused by decreasing normal flora symbionts and increasing proportion of pathogenic microorganisms, which is due to lowering of protective forces demonstrate periodontal – pathogenic features. The frequency of excretion of Fusobacterium spp. (in 1.7 times), Staph.cureus, Veilonella spp., Peptostreptococcus spp. (1.3 times), Candida spp. (1.2 times) significantly increases with the exacerbation of the gums inflammation in comparing with chronic course of gingivitis.

Analysis of bacterial density in the gingival sulcus of patients with chronic inflammation indicates a significant reduction of quantitative level of physiological microflora colonization compared with healthy individuals: found 10–15-times decrease in Lactobacillus spp. and Str. salivarius (p<0,001), significantly different values of Bifidobacterium spp. (p<0,05). There is a trend towards the reduction of the part of these microorganisms during the exacerbation of the pathological process in the gums.

In patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and especially during exacerbation increased density growth of pathogenic microorganisms was observed, including more than 15-times increasing in colonization of Str. haemolyticus (p<0,001), 10–20-times increasing of the contamination of gingival sulcus by Bacteroides spp. (p<0,001). Increasing of the activity of Staph. aureus with a significant advantage in patients with exacerbation of chronic catarrhal gingivitis (p<0,05) is noted.

We found that in patients with chronic gingivitis the increasing of colonization activity and proliferation of obligate anaerobic opportunists also occurs among these periodonto-pathogens and the following taxonomic groups are found: Fusobacterium spp., Veilonella spp., Peptostreptococcus spp. Kontaminative ability of Candida yeast also increases – from 3,0 in intact periodontium to 4,2±0,21 lgKUO / ml in chronic (p<0,001) and 5,0±0,31 lgKUO / ml at exacerbation of gingivitis, respectively (p<0,001).

So, clearly there are disturbances in the system of microecology – dysbacteriosis of the oral cavity, which, according to the results of research, plays a significant role in the formation of the clinical picture of the periodontal inflammation. It is accompanied by a conglomeration of perodontopatogenic symbionts, aggressive activities of which is recognized.

Summary of studies of quantitative level and composition of gingival sulcus microflora in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and plaque in healthy patients showed that the microbiota was characterized by variety of species with decreasing of normal flora and dominance of Fusobacterium spp., Veilonella spp., Peptostreptococcus spp. combined with S. haemolyticus and Staph. aures. With the increasing of the inflammation in periodontum the frequence of excretion of perodontopathogens and their quantitative level are increased with significant contamination of gingival pockets by Candida.

From one patient in average 4–5 kinds of mostly gram-negative bacterial species and anaerobic microorganisms, which indicates the polyetiological nature of the microbial periodontal lesions and their dominant role in the destruction of periodontal tissues.

Formation of dysbiosis in patients with generalized chronic catarrhal gingivitis may occur in case of dysbalance in the system of physiological balance between aggression and resistance factors that underlie the pharmacological correction to the microbial landscape of the mouth.

Keywords: gingival sulcus microecosystem, chronic catarrhal gingivitis, tinctorial properties, goiter

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