Abstract. The rise of global psychotraumatic factors and the increasing prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) necessitate an in-depth study of phytocannabinoids as tools for modulating the endocannabinoid system (ECS).

Aim. To systematize current scientific data on the genetic and biochemical properties of cannabinoids, justify the role of cannabidiol (CBD) as a key modulator of systemic homeostasis, and evaluate its therapeutic potential in treating complex neurological, psychiatric, and somatic disorders.

Methods. A comprehensive analysis of scientific literature was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The study examined cannabis taxonomy based on genomic data, specific biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in glandular trichomes, and molecular mechanisms of phytocannabinoid interaction with the human ECS and other receptor targets.

Results. The ECS was shown to function as a fundamental regulatory network controlling GABA and glutamate neurotransmission, immune response, and microglial activity. It was established that CBD, unlike psychoactive THC, exerts a multi-vector non-psychotropic effect: it modulates serotonin receptors, TRPV1 ion channels, and PPAR nuclear receptors, providing anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective effects. Clinical data confirm high CBD efficacy in treating refractory epilepsy (Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes) and PTSD, where it facilitates traumatic memory extinction and sleep normalization. In multiple sclerosis, the THC/CBD combination effectively reduces muscle spasticity and chronic pain. The compound’s pharmacokinetics are detailed, including risks of dose-dependent hepatotoxicity and complex drug-drug interactions via inhibition of hepatic enzymes (CYP3A4, CYP2C19, UGT). Additionally, significant hepatoprotective potential of CBD in metabolic disorders.

Conclusions. Cannabidiol is a potent homeostatic modulator with a wide range of clinical applications. Further integration of cannabinoids into medical practice requires an individualized approach, rigorous pharmacokinetic analysis, and mandatory liver function monitoring to ensure therapy safety and efficacy.

Ключові слова: cannabis, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, endocannabinoid system (ECS), PTSD, sleep disorders, hepatotoxicity, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis

Повний текст: PDF (Ukr)

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