Morphometric research methods, including stereometric analysis, enhance the objectivity and accuracy of contemporary scientific investigations. The processes of wound healing and the complications associated with tissue repair remain urgent issues in modern medical science. The structural organization of the vascular plexuses in the skin plays a critical role in cutaneous regeneration, as vascular responses are among the first to be activated following injury. Furthermore, the progression of reparative processes is closely linked to the remodeling of the skin vascular architecture.

Objective: To perform a stereometric analysis of the structural organization of vascular plexuses in the skin throughout the dynamics of the reparative process under prolonged Nalbuphine administration in an experimental model. Methods. The study was conducted using skin sections with an injected vascular network from the area of multiple puncture wounds in 39 male white rats of reproductive age. The following research methods were employed: injection of the vascular network of white rat’s skin; clearing of skin sections and microscopic imaging using the MBI-1 microscope; stereometric analysis of the hemomicrocirculatory bed of white rat’s skin; statistical processing of research results using applied software packages; modeling of prolonged opioid exposure in white rats.

Results. The reparative processes in the skin of both control and experimental animals were primarily associated with the remodeling of its vascular architecture. After two weeks of Nalbuphine administration, wound canals in the inflammatory phase were identified, characterized by marked skin hyperemia. The specific surface area and volume of the blood vessel loops within all three skin plexuses increased nearly twofold. After four weeks of Nalbuphine administration, significant dilation of both arteriolar and venular vessels in the skin was observed when compared to the control group. The arterioles exhibited tortuosity, with deformed vessel walls, particularly prominent in the dermal arterial network. Intradermal capillary loops were widened and deformed, with some sections completely disrupted. The venules of all skin plexuses in the region of multiple post-injection wounds in the white rats were markedly dilated and showed bulging. In the experimental animals receiving Nalbuphine for six weeks, a significant proportion of capillaries in the skin samples with injected vascular networks were obliterated. Several capillaries were destroyed, and the remaining capillary fragments exhibited deformation. Intradermal capillary loops were fragmented into smaller pieces, and the dermal arterial network became sparse and was characterized by large loops. Saccularization and angularization of blood vessels were noted, with blood from dilated arterioles rapidly entering the dilated venules of the dermal venous plexus via arteriovenular anastomoses.

Conclusions. Reparative processes in the skin are primarily associated with the remodeling of its vascular architecture. Under conditions of six weeks of Nalbuphine administration in the area of multiple post-injection skin wounds, a significant reduction in the specific surface area and volume of capillaries was observed, which confirms the profound destructive changes in the vascular plexuses of the skin and impedes the formation of a fully functional regenerate.

Keywords: skin, wound, vessels, stereometry, opioid, experiment

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